Cornell potato researchers are now expanding their efforts to make more wild potato seeds available to potato breeders around the world, reports the Cornell Chronicle.

With support from the Wallace Genetic Foundation, Cornell scientists continue their efforts in the Cornell-Eastern Europe-Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project on Potato Late Blight control to facilitate the transfer of disease-resistant potato germplasm among global potato centers in the U.S., Russia, Poland, Mexico and Peru.

“By facilitating access to important potato germplasm for the global potato breeding community, we are addressing fundamental challenges of development and food security,” said K.V. Raman, associate director of International Programs in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and coordinator of the potato project.

Transferring potato seeds can be challenging due to regulatory protocols, customs and permit approval issues. The Cornell project is aiding the transfer of wild potato species from the gene bank at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in St. Petersburg, Russia, to help develop high-yielding, pest- and disease-resistant potato varieties.

As part of their work, the Cornell team in the past has provided training support to VIR researchers at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Poland to help transfer germplasm for late blight resistance trials. Late blight, the disease responsible for the deadly Irish potato famine, is caused by a fungus-like pathogen, and is a potentially devastating disease that can infect foliage and tubers at any stage of potato development.

Wild species are used as a source of important genes to develop climate resilient high-yielding potatoes in the breeding program at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service’s Potato Germplasm Collection Center in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. The center has a mandate to test and make available useful potato germplasm nationally and internationally.

Of the eight cultivars released by the Wisconsin program from 2010-15, six have wild species parents. Cornell has helped transfer select materials to the facility to aid in its breeding operations.

Raman has also succeeded in transferring potato seeds to the International Potato Late Blight Testing Program, which is managed by the University of Chapingo in Texcoco de Mora, Mexico. The university conducts field trials in the Toluca Valley of Mexico, considered the center of origin for late blight. Seeds transferred from the Cornell project are now being field tested to identify new sources of resistance to potato blight.

“Access to materials available in potato gene banks is critical to developing potato cultivars that are high-yielding and resistant to pests and diseases,” said Walter De Jong, associate professor of plant breeding and genetics in SIPS.

De Jong has used wild species to develop two popular potato varieties, named for small twin lakes in the western Finger Lakes region of New York state: Lamoka, used for chips and French fries; and Waneta, a large white chipping potato. The varieties rank first and fifth, respectively, among chipping potatoes in the United States.